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Design Aspects : Page 3

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A treatment plant consists of different parallel treatment lanes or units to increase reliability . for example a unit is out of operation because of maintenance or cleaning, the other parallel units can take over the flow, avoiding an interruption in drinking water production. The parallel units and the treatment processes in series must be operated in such a way that always, so 24 hours per day, sufficient water can be produced to feed the clear water tank. Therefore sufficient valves and pumps must be available in the treatment plant . However, the installation of too many control devices increases costs and complicates operation . In the process flow diagram the optimal division of control devices is indicated. Finally the treatment plant must be positioned in a building. The building must be compact to diminish investment costs, but the treatment processes pumps and valves must be accessible for
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Design Aspects : Page 2

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The chosen alternative is represented in the Process scheme . Here the position of the process in the treatment train is shown, sometimes already with an indication of the number of units and the dimensions . Costs is one of the most important aspect s for decision makers to decide on investing in a new technology. Therefore, it is necessary to have an indication of the investment and exploitation costs already in an early stage. Exploitation costs, expressed as costs per m3 produced water , give an indication for the drinking water price. Most important part of the exploitation costs are the fixed costs, resulting from the investments in infrastructure , which can be estimated by evaluating previous projects . For example, the investment in a treatment process can be estimated from the cost function that gives a relation between capacity and investment costs . A treatment plant is normally fed by pum
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Design Aspects : Page 1

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One of the activities of a drinking water supply engineer is designing treatment plants . The design phase starts with the identification of a problem , the water quality does not meet the drinking water standards and an extension of the existing treatment plant is needed. Then alternative solutions have to be identified. After choosing the most promising alternative, the treatment process has to be further designed looking into: Capacity of the plant Hydraulic line Dimensions Flow control Structure and architecture. The different aspects of the design are represented in, so-called, design schemes. The approach is multidisciplinary involving process, civil, and mechanical engineers and architects. Alternative solutions for the treatment plant are identified based on the raw water composition and the drinking water standards and requirements . Mostly, there are different possible processe
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Better Quality

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In the past the main focus was to remove organic matter from the wastewater, but more recently advanced nutrient removal is applied to avoid eutrophication of the receiving water bodies. Future emphasis will be laid on the removal of Endocrine disrupting compounds such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals to avoid the accumulation of persistent organics in the environment. With the increased efforts in wastewater treatment, the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant sometimes obtains a better quality than the receiving water bodies. In these cases, the question arises whether the effluent isn't a better source for drinking and industrial water supply than some surface water bodies.   Several examples exist. The most famous one is in Windhoek, Namibia , where about 25% of the domestic water supply consists of reclaimed wastewater . The effluent of the wastewater treatment plant is extensively tre
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Water Treatment

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Water is a primary need for sustaining life and the availability of pure water is a major issue in most developing nations. The role of water treatment plants are critical in modern day. Water Treatment consists of technologies needed for drinking water intake, treatment and distribution as well as wastewater collection, treatment and discharge . To produce drinking water, water is extracted from the underground, so-called groundwater , or from rivers or lakes, the surface water . This source water isn't drinkable and must be treated.The treatment plant consists of different processes depending on the quality of the source and the requirements for drinking water. " No single measure would do more to reduce disease and save lives in the developing world than bringing safe water and adequate sanitation to all "                                                                   - Kofi Annan, Former UN Secretary-General In many countries in the
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Introduction: Utilities

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Hey there! Are you a graduate in Mechanical Engineering? Ever wondered what to do next? Well, I was confused after graduating (Yup, some how Phew!) as the field of Mechanical Engineering is as wide as it gets. I had no clue on what Industrial Utilities was, till I had my training at Apollo Tyres, Perambra (I'm pretty sure that i learned more from there, than college). Enough about me, let's get to the topic.            Understanding the concept of Utilities in an industry: it's very simple actually. If Industry is like the human body, Utilities is it's heart. The requirements of an industry is met by the Utilities . If you are a Mechanical Engineer and want to pursue your career in the core field : Utility Engineering is one of the best choice. All industries have utilities, so you will never run out of jobs as long as there are industries in the world.       Fields covered in Utilities : Water Treatment Plant Effluent Treatment Plant Multiple Ef
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