Industrial Utilities

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Showing posts from August, 2018

Design Aspects : Page 3

- August 29, 2018

A treatment plant consists of different parallel treatment lanes or units to increase reliability . for example a unit is out of operation because of maintenance or cleaning, the other parallel units can take over the flow, avoiding an interruption in drinking water production. The parallel units and the treatment processes in series must be operated in such a way that always, so 24 hours per day, sufficient water can be produced to feed the clear water tank. Therefore sufficient valves and pumps must be available in the treatment plant . However, the installation of too many control devices increases costs and complicates operation . In the process flow diagram the optimal division of control devices is indicated. Finally the treatment plant must be positioned in a building. The building must be compact to diminish investment costs, but the treatment processes pumps and valves must be accessible for

Design Aspects : Page 2

- August 29, 2018

The chosen alternative is represented in the Process scheme . Here the position of the process in the treatment train is shown, sometimes already with an indication of the number of units and the dimensions . Costs is one of the most important aspect s for decision makers to decide on investing in a new technology. Therefore, it is necessary to have an indication of the investment and exploitation costs already in an early stage. Exploitation costs, expressed as costs per m3 produced water , give an indication for the drinking water price. Most important part of the exploitation costs are the fixed costs, resulting from the investments in infrastructure , which can be estimated by evaluating previous projects . For example, the investment in a treatment process can be estimated from the cost function that gives a relation between capacity and investment costs . A treatment plant is normally fed by pum

Design Aspects : Page 1

- August 29, 2018

One of the activities of a drinking water supply engineer is designing treatment plants . The design phase starts with the identification of a problem , the water quality does not meet the drinking water standards and an extension of the existing treatment plant is needed. Then alternative solutions have to be identified. After choosing the most promising alternative, the treatment process has to be further designed looking into: Capacity of the plant Hydraulic line Dimensions Flow control Structure and architecture. The different aspects of the design are represented in, so-called, design schemes. The approach is multidisciplinary involving process, civil, and mechanical engineers and architects. Alternative solutions for the treatment plant are identified based on the raw water composition and the drinking water standards and requirements . Mostly, there are different possible processe

Better Quality

- August 29, 2018

In the past the main focus was to remove organic matter from the wastewater, but more recently advanced nutrient removal is applied to avoid eutrophication of the receiving water bodies. Future emphasis will be laid on the removal of Endocrine disrupting compounds such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals to avoid the accumulation of persistent organics in the environment. With the increased efforts in wastewater treatment, the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant sometimes obtains a better quality than the receiving water bodies. In these cases, the question arises whether the effluent isn't a better source for drinking and industrial water supply than some surface water bodies. Several examples exist. The most famous one is in Windhoek, Namibia , where about 25% of the domestic water supply consists of reclaimed wastewater . The effluent of the wastewater treatment plant is extensively tre