Design Aspects : Page 3

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A treatment plant consists of different parallel treatment lanes or units to increase reliability . for example a unit is out of operation because of maintenance or cleaning, the other parallel units can take over the flow, avoiding an interruption in drinking water production. The parallel units and the treatment processes in series must be operated in such a way that always, so 24 hours per day, sufficient water can be produced to feed the clear water tank. Therefore sufficient valves and pumps must be available in the treatment plant . However, the installation of too many control devices increases costs and complicates operation . In the process flow diagram the optimal division of control devices is indicated. Finally the treatment plant must be positioned in a building. The building must be compact to diminish investment costs, but the treatment processes pumps and valves must be accessible for
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Water Treatment

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Water is a primary need for sustaining life and the availability of pure water is a major issue in most developing nations. The role of water treatment plants are critical in modern day.

Water Treatment consists of technologies needed for drinking water intake, treatment and distribution as well as wastewater collection, treatment and discharge.

To produce drinking water, water is extracted from the underground, so-called groundwater, or from rivers or lakes, the surface water. This source water isn't drinkable and must be treated.The treatment plant consists of different processes depending on the quality of the source and the requirements for drinking water.



"No single measure would do more to reduce disease and save lives in the developing world than bringing safe water and adequate sanitation to all" 
                                                                 - Kofi Annan, Former UN Secretary-General


In many countries in the world water scarcity is a problem. This can be due to physical causes, such as the reduced amount of rainfall, recharging the groundwater aquifers and the rivers; or due to economic factors, meaning that there is no financial capacity to construct and maintain adequate water supply systems.
 Water scarcity leads to water stress, meaning that the demand for safe drinking water is higher than the availability of water resources with sufficient capacity. Water stress can result in insufficient supply, causing unmet water demands or over-extraction, leading to the depletion of groundwater and surface water resources. In the meantime water demand is increasing. With increasing population, urbanization and industrialization, more water has to be supplied to cities.
 
Water scarcity isn't only a quantity issue, but also a quality one. When sources are too polluted to be a reliable source, water availability is under stress. Therefore, major efforts are made to improve the surface water quality.

<< Introduction: Industrial Utilities                                                                              Better Quality >>


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